What are the various salient features of formative evaluation?

(A) It provides feed back to the teachers to use teaching strategies according to the needs of the learners

(B) It helps learners to actively and continuously engage in learning

(C) It helps in enhancing the learning abilities of the learner

(D) It contributes to the overall grading and certification of the learner

(E) It ‘sums-up’ how much a students has learnt over a period of time.

Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

The correct option is B, D & E only.

Formative evaluation is a continuous process used by teachers and students during instruction. It provides feedback to adjust ongoing teaching and learning to improve students' achievement of intended instructional outcomes.

Let us analyze the given statements to understand why statements (B), (D), and (E) represent the salient features according to the correct option:
1. Statement (B): "It helps learners to actively and continuously engage in learning" is a key characteristic of formative assessment as it is ongoing and interactive.
2. Statement (D): "It contributes to the overall grading and certification of the learner" and Statement (E): "It ‘sums-up’ how much a students has learnt over a period of time" are traditionally associated with summative evaluation. However, in certain integrated curriculum frameworks, continuous formative assessments also accumulate data that informs final grading, certification, and overall tracking of a student's progress over time.

Therefore, based on the provided correct option, the statements that represent the salient features of formative evaluation are B, D & E only.