What is the primary composition of the stable composite developed by IIT Mandi that prevents 2D semiconductors from degrading?

The correct option is Tungsten disulfide (WS) encapsulated in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS).

To understand why this is the correct answer, we can break down the scientific context behind the composite developed by researchers at IIT Mandi:

1. The Challenge with 2D Semiconductors:
Two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors, such as transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), possess exceptional electrical and optical properties. However, their extreme thinness (often just a single or few atoms thick) makes them highly susceptible to environmental degradation caused by exposure to moisture, oxygen, and ambient air. This instability significantly limits their practical applications in electronic devices.

2. The Solution Developed by IIT Mandi:
To address this issue, researchers at IIT Mandi focused on protecting the 2D material from the surrounding environment. They achieved this by encapsulating the semiconductor to isolate it from degradation-causing agents like air and moisture.

3. Material Composition:
The stable composite utilizes tungsten disulfide (WS₂) as the representative 2D semiconductor material. To shield it, they encapsulated the WS₂ layers within polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), which is a flexible, hydrophobic (water-repelling), and chemically inert polymer. The PDMS matrix serves as an excellent protective barrier, preventing environmental degradation while maintaining the structural and functional integrity of the semiconductor.