Which form of nationalist protest emerged in response to the Partition of Bengal in 1905 that integrated economic, social, and political action?

The correct option is "Boycotting British goods and promoting indigenous industries".

The Partition of Bengal in 1905, orchestrated by Lord Curzon, triggered widespread outrage and became a watershed moment in the Indian National Movement. In response, nationalists launched the Swadeshi and Boycott Movement, which integrated economic, social, and political forms of protest.

This strategy involved two main complementary components:
1. Boycott of British Goods: Economically, this aimed to hurt British commercial interests by refusing to buy foreign goods, particularly salt, clothing, and sugar. Culturally and socially, public bonfires of foreign cloth were organized as a symbol of defiance.
2. Promotion of Indigenous Industries (Swadeshi): Nationalists encouraged the use of locally made goods to achieve self-reliance. This led to the setup of Swadeshi textile mills, soap factories, tanneries, and national banks, which revived domestic manufacturing and promoted self-reliance (Atmasakti).

By combining the rejection of colonial goods with the promotion of domestic enterprise, the movement successfully mobilized various sections of society, including students, women, and workers, transforming the nationalist struggle into a mass movement.