Which of the following are effective strategies to teach new concepts ?

(i) Presenting examples

(ii) Presenting non-examples

(iii) Promoting thinking about relationships amongst concepts.

(iv) Giving a definition and encouraging students to rote memorize it.

The correct option is (i), (ii), (iii).

Effective pedagogical strategies focus on conceptual understanding, critical thinking, and active student engagement rather than passive memorization. Let us evaluate each of the given statements step-by-step:

(i) Presenting examples:
Presenting concrete and diverse examples helps students connect abstract ideas to real-world context and observe core features of the concept. Thus, this is an effective teaching strategy.

(ii) Presenting non-examples:
Non-examples highlight the boundary conditions of a concept by demonstrating what the concept is not. This prevents over-generalization and sharpens students' discrimination and analytical skills. Thus, this is also an effective teaching strategy.

(iii) Promoting thinking about relationships amongst concepts:
Encouraging students to draw connections and see patterns between old and new concepts fosters deeper cognitive schema building and meaningful learning. Thus, this is an effective teaching strategy.

(iv) Giving a definition and encouraging students to rote memorize it:
Rote memorization promotes passive learning without understanding the underlying logic or application. Modern educational practices discourage rote learning in favor of deep conceptual mastery. Therefore, this is not an effective strategy.

Combining the effective strategies (i), (ii), and (iii), we arrive at the correct set of strategies.