Which of the following are known as receptive skills ?

The correct answer is Listening and reading.

Explanation:

In language learning and pedagogy, the four basic language skills are broadly categorized into two groups based on how information is processed:

1. Receptive Skills (Passive Skills):
Receptive skills are those where a learner receives and understands language input from external sources. The learner does not need to produce new language; instead, they extract meaning from spoken or written text. The two receptive skills are:

• Listening: Receiving and interpreting spoken sounds/language.
• Reading: Receiving and interpreting written text.

2. Productive Skills (Active Skills):
Productive skills are those where a learner actively produces language to communicate thoughts, ideas, or information. The two productive skills are:

• Speaking: Producing oral language.
• Writing: Producing written text.

Therefore, Listening and reading are correctly identified as receptive skills.