Which of the following cities won the hosting rights of the 2030 Asian Games in December 2020?

The correct answer is Doha (Qatar).

Let's walk through the reasoning step by step to understand why Doha is the correct answer:

Step 1: Understanding the Context
The question asks about the city that was awarded the hosting rights for the 2030 Asian Games during a decision made in December 2020. The Asian Games (also called the Asiад) is a multi-sport event held every four years, organized by the Olympic Council of Asia (OCA).

Step 2: The Decision in December 2020
In December 2020, the Olympic Council of Asia (OCA) officially announced that Doha, Qatar had been awarded the rights to host the 20th Asian Games in 2030. This was a significant decision, reflecting Qatar's growing role as a major hub for international sporting events in the Middle East.

Step 3: Why Doha?
Qatar and its capital Doha had already demonstrated strong hosting capabilities through events such as:

- Hosting the 2006 Asian Games (Doha had already previously hosted the Games)
- Preparing for the 2022 FIFA World Cup, which showcased world-class infrastructure
- Strong financial investment and government backing for sports infrastructure
- OCA's confidence in Qatar's organizational and logistical capabilities

Step 4: Eliminating the Other Options
- Jakarta (Indonesia): Hosted the 2018 Asian Games (jointly with Palembang). Not selected for 2030.
- Seoul (South Korea): Has hosted the Asian Games in the past (1986) but was not awarded the 2030 rights.
- Shanghai (China): Not the city selected for 2030 hosting rights in this decision.

Conclusion:
The Olympic Council of Asia (OCA) awarded the hosting rights of the 2030 Asian Games to Doha, Qatar in December 2020, making it the definitive correct answer among the given options.