Which of the following is the study of soil?

The correct option is Pedology.

To understand why this is correct, let's break down the definitions of each of the options provided:
1. Pedology: This is the scientific study of soils, including their origin, formation, classification, and physical, chemical, and biological properties. The term comes from the Greek word "pedon," meaning soil or earth, and "logos," meaning study.
2. Mineralogy: This is the branch of geology that studies minerals, their crystalline structure, chemical composition, and physical properties.
3. Glaciology: This is the study of glaciers, ice sheets, and other phenomena involving ice and its effects on the Earth's surface.
4. Cosmology: This is the branch of astronomy concerned with the studies of the origin and evolution of the universe, from the Big Bang to today and into the future.

Therefore, the study of soil is specifically referred to as Pedology.