Which of the following is/are the indicator/ indicators used by IFPRI to compute the Global Hunger Index Report?

1. Undernourishment

2. Child stunting

3. Child mortality

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

The correct answer is 1, 2 and 3 — all three statements are correct indicators used to compute the Global Hunger Index (GHI).

The Global Hunger Index (GHI) is a tool designed and published annually by the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) to comprehensively measure and track hunger at the global, regional, and national levels. It combines multiple indicators to give a multidimensional picture of hunger rather than relying on a single measure.

Let us examine each indicator in detail:

1. Undernourishment
This indicator measures the share of the population whose caloric (energy) intake is insufficient to meet minimum dietary energy requirements. It reflects inadequate food availability and access at the population level. This is a foundational indicator, capturing the most basic dimension of hunger — not having enough food to eat.

2. Child Stunting
This indicator measures the share of children under the age of five who have low height for their age. Stunting is a sign of chronic undernutrition — prolonged deprivation of adequate nutrition and repeated infections during critical early years of life. It reflects the long-term impact of hunger on physical growth and development in children.

3. Child Mortality
This indicator measures the mortality rate of children under five years of age. Child deaths are often linked to the fatal combination of malnutrition and disease. Since hunger and undernutrition weaken immunity and increase vulnerability, child mortality serves as a powerful indicator of the most extreme consequences of food insecurity and poor nutrition.

It is also worth noting that the GHI framework historically included a fourth indicator — Child Wasting (the share of children under five with low weight for their height, indicating acute undernutrition). This was incorporated more prominently in later editions of the GHI methodology, making the index even more comprehensive.

Since the question asks specifically about which of the three listed indicators are used, and all three — Undernourishment (Statement 1), Child Stunting (Statement 2), and Child Mortality (Statement 3) — are indeed core components of the GHI calculation, the correct answer is unambiguously 1, 2 and 3.