Which of the following parts of the mountain will receive the most rainfall from moisture-laden winds?

The correct option is Windward side.

To understand why this is the case, we can look at the process of orographic precipitation, which occurs when moisture-laden winds encounter a mountain range:
1. Windward Side: This is the side of the mountain range that faces the incoming, moisture-rich winds. As the wind is forced to rise up the mountain slope (a process known as orographic lift), the air expands and cools. Cooling causes the water vapor in the air to condense into clouds, leading to heavy precipitation (rainfall or snowfall) on this side of the mountain.
2. Leeward Side: By the time the air reaches the crest of the mountain and begins to descend down the opposite side (the leeward side), it has already lost most of its moisture. As the air descends, it compresses and warms up, which increases its capacity to hold moisture and prevents precipitation. This creates a dry region known as a rain shadow.

Therefore, the windward side of a mountain receives the most rainfall from moisture-laden winds.