Which of the following ports was developed as a Satellite port to relieve the pressure at the Mumbai port?

The correct option is Jawaharlal Nehru Port.

Step-by-step Explanation:

1. Understanding the Concept of a Satellite Port:
A satellite port is a secondary port constructed in the vicinity of an existing major port that is highly congested. Its primary function is to handle the overflow of cargo and traffic, thereby improving the efficiency of maritime trade in the region.

2. Mumbai Port and the Need for a Satellite Port:
Mumbai Port is one of India's oldest, largest, and busiest natural ports. Due to rapid industrialization and growth in trade, the port began experiencing severe congestion, limited space for expansion, and long waiting times for ships.

3. The Role of Jawaharlal Nehru Port (JNPT):
To resolve the congestion issues at Mumbai Port, the Jawaharlal Nehru Port (commonly known as Nhava Sheva Port) was developed in the late 1980s and commissioned in 1989. Located in Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, across the Thane Creek, it serves as a crucial satellite port designed to handle large-scale container traffic that Mumbai Port could no longer accommodate efficiently.

4. Analyzing Other Options:
• Marmagao Port: Located in Goa, it is primarily known for exporting iron ore.
• New Mangalore Port: Located in Karnataka, it serves the southern coast.
• Deendayal Port Authority (Kandla Port): Located in Gujarat, it was developed after the partition of India to relieve pressure on the Karachi port, not Mumbai Port.