Which of the following statements are correct in respect of New Farmer's Movement:-

(A) It began in Punjab and Tamil Nadu.

(B) It was party oriented

(C) Ideology was anti-state and anti-urban.

(D) The focus of demand was price and its related issues.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

The correct answer is (A), (C) and (D) only.

Step-by-step Explanation:

To understand why this option is correct, let's analyze each of the statements in the context of the New Farmers' Movement (which emerged in India during the late 1970s and 1980s):

1. Statement (A) - "It began in Punjab and Tamil Nadu":
This statement is correct. The New Farmers' Movement took root during the post-Green Revolution period. The earliest mobilizations started in Tamil Nadu under the leadership of C. Narayanaswamy Naidu (Vivasayigal Sangam) and in Punjab under the Punjab Kheti Bari Union (later BKU), eventually spreading to states like Maharashtra and Uttar Pradesh.

2. Statement (B) - "It was party oriented":
This statement is incorrect. One of the defining characteristics of the New Farmers' Movement was its non-political and non-party nature. The movements positioned themselves as autonomous interest groups or pressure groups (such as the Shetkari Sanghatana in Maharashtra or the Bharatiya Kisan Union in North India) that kept a distance from political parties to maintain their independent bargaining power with the state.

3. Statement (C) - "Ideology was anti-state and anti-urban":
This statement is correct. The movement's ideology was strongly characterized by a rural-urban divide, often popularized by leaders like Sharad Joshi through the conceptual dichotomy of "India" (the westernized, urban, industrial sector) vs. "Bharat" (the exploited, agrarian, rural sector). The state was viewed as an instrument of urban-biased policies that extracted wealth from the countryside through low agricultural prices and high industrial inputs.

4. Statement (D) - "The focus of demand was price and its related issues":
This statement is correct. Unlike older peasant movements that focused on land reforms, land distribution, or tenancy rights, the New Farmers' Movement was market-oriented. Their primary demands revolved around securing remunerative prices for agricultural produce, lowering the costs of inputs (like electricity, water, seeds, and fertilizers), debt relief, and opposing unfavorable terms of trade against agriculture.

Conclusion:
Since statements (A), (C), and (D) are correct, and statement (B) is incorrect, the option containing (A), (C) and (D) only is the correct choice.