Which of the following types of assessments is done for giving grades/marks/credits to the

students?

The correct option is Summative.

Explanation:
Assessments in education serve different purposes depending on when they are conducted and how the results are used. Let's break down the characteristics of the options provided to understand why summative assessment is the correct choice:

1. Summative Assessment:
Summative assessments are evaluative measures conducted at the end of an instructional unit, term, or course (e.g., final exams, end-of-unit projects, or standardized tests). The primary goal is to measure student learning and academic achievement against a standard or benchmark. Because they evaluate the final outcome of learning, their results are typically recorded as scores, marks, grades, or credits that contribute to a student's permanent academic record.

2. Formative Assessment:
Formative assessments are ongoing, low-stakes evaluations conducted during the learning process (e.g., quizzes, class discussions, or exit tickets). Their main purpose is to monitor student learning and provide immediate feedback that helps teachers adjust their instruction and helps students improve their understanding. They are not designed for assigning final grades or credits.

3. Diagnostic Assessment:
Diagnostic assessments are pre-evaluations conducted before instruction begins (e.g., pre-tests or skills checks). They are used to identify a student's prior knowledge, strengths, and learning gaps, allowing educators to customize their teaching plans. They do not carry grade weight or credits.

4. Integrative Assessment:
Integrative assessments evaluate a student's ability to synthesize and apply knowledge from different subject areas or modules. While they can be graded, "Summative" is the fundamental category of assessment specifically defined by its role in grading, certifying, and awarding credits at the conclusion of instruction.

Therefore, assessment designed for awarding grades, marks, or credits is classified as a summative assessment.