Which one of the following issues the “Global Economic Prospects” report periodically?

The correct option is The World Bank.

The "Global Economic Prospects" (GEP) is a flagship report published semi-annually (specifically in January and June) by the World Bank Group.
This report examines global economic developments and prospects, with a special focus on emerging market and developing economies. It provides essential analysis and forecasts to help policymakers, researchers, and the general public understand the trajectory of the global economy.

Here is a breakdown of why the other institutions are not the publishers of this specific report:
• The Asian Development Bank (ADB): It publishes the Asian Development Outlook, which focuses primarily on economic growth and development in member nations across Asia and the Pacific.
• The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD): It publishes the Transition Report, focusing on structural transitions and economic progress in Central and Eastern Europe, Central Asia, and the Southern and Eastern Mediterranean.
• The US Federal Reserve Bank: It is the central banking system of the United States and publishes domestic-focused documents like the Beige Book, rather than global multilateral economic reports.

Consequently, the World Bank is the sole institution responsible for issuing the “Global Economic Prospects” report.