Which one of the following protected areas is well-known for the conservation of a sub-species of the Indian swamp deer (Barasingha) that thrives well on hard ground and is exclusively graminivorous?

The correct option is Kanha National Park.

Step-by-Step Explanation:

1. Understanding the Species: The Indian swamp deer, or Barasingha (Rucervus duvaucelii), is a deer species native to the Indian subcontinent. It is characterized by its large antlers, typically having more than 10 tines (points).

2. Sub-species and Habitat Adaptations: There are three main sub-species of Barasingha found in India:
• The wetland swamp deer (Rucervus duvaucelii duvaucelii) - found in the swamps/grasslands of Northern India.
• The Eastern swamp deer (Rucervus duvaucelii ranjitsinhi) - found in Assam (specifically in Kaziranga).
• The Southern swamp deer or Hard-ground Barasingha (Rucervus duvaucelii branderi) - adapted to survive specifically on hard, dry ground, unlike the other subspecies which prefer swampy or marshy wetlands. This sub-species is also exclusively graminivorous (meaning its diet consists almost entirely of grass).

3. Location of Conservation: The hard-ground Barasingha (R. d. branderi) was brought back from the brink of extinction through intense conservation efforts specifically in Kanha National Park, located in Madhya Pradesh, India. It is the official state animal of Madhya Pradesh and represents a major conservation success story for Kanha National Park.