Which state became the leading beneficiary of the Green Revolution in India?

The correct option is Punjab.

Explanation:

The Green Revolution in India was initiated in the mid-1960s with the introduction of High-Yielding Varieties (HYV) of seeds, expanded irrigation infrastructure, modern farm equipment, and synthetic fertilizers/pesticides.

Punjab emerged as the principal beneficiary of the Green Revolution due to several key factors:

1. Well-Established Irrigation System: Punjab already possessed a well-developed network of rivers and canals, ensuring a continuous and reliable water supply required for water-intensive HYV crops like wheat and rice.

2. Fertile Soil: The alluvial soil of the Indo-Gangetic plain in Punjab provided exceptionally fertile land suitable for high-density agricultural output.

3. Mechanization and Infrastructure: Farmers in Punjab were among the earliest to adopt tractors, tube-wells, and chemical fertilizers, significantly boosting crop yields per hectare.

As a result of these advantages, Punjab registered a massive increase in wheat production, earning it the title of the "Granary of India."