Who among the following was granted the title of ‘Chief of the Merchants’ or Malikut-Tujjar by the Bahamani ruler, Humayun Shah?

The correct answer is Mahmud Gawan.

Step-by-Step Explanation:

1. Historical Context: Mahmud Gawan was an Iranian merchant who arrived in the Bahmani Kingdom in India during the 15th century. Due to his exceptional talent, honesty, and administrative capabilities, he quickly rose to prominence in the Bahmani court.

2. Conferring of the Title: Recognizing his business acumen, administrative wisdom, and loyal service, the Bahmani ruler Humayun Shah granted Mahmud Gawan the prestigious title of ‘Malikut-Tujjar’, which literally translates to ‘Chief of the Merchants’.

3. Subsequent Role: Later, during the reign of Muhammad Shah III, Mahmud Gawan was appointed as the Prime Minister (Wazir) of the Bahmani Kingdom. Under his governance, the empire expanded significantly, and he introduced several key administrative, military, and land tax reforms.