Who has been appointed the Chairman of the 16th Finance Commission of India?

The correct option is Pradip Kumar Mohanty.

The Finance Commission of India is a constitutionally mandated body established under Article 280 of the Constitution of India. It is constituted by the President of India every five years or earlier, primarily to define the financial relations between the central government and the state governments.
The Commission is responsible for recommending the distribution of net tax proceeds between the Union and the States, as well as the allocation of these shares among the individual states.

For the 16th Finance Commission, Pradip Kumar Mohanty has been appointed to steer the commission as its Chairman. In this role, he leads the commission in formulating recommendations on tax sharing and other fiscal matters for the upcoming financial cycle.