A teacher is facing the problem of students’ poor spelling. She listed the probable causes for it and then decided to frame some steps to overcome it. This whole process is

The correct answer is Action research.

Step-by-Step Explanation:

1. Understanding the Scenario:
In the given scenario, a teacher identifies a classroom-specific issue—namely, students' poor spelling. She analyzes the probable causes of this problem and designs specific steps/interventions to address and solve it within her educational setting.

2. Definition of Action Research:
Action research is a practitioner-led inquiry designed to diagnose local, practical problems (such as reading difficulties, spelling errors, or classroom management challenges) and implement immediate, practical solutions to improve educational practice.

3. Comparison with Other Options:
- Problem solving: While this general cognitive process is involved, the systematic framework of identifying causes, implementing intervention steps, and evaluating results by a practitioner in a classroom is specifically defined as Action research.
- Improving spelling: This is simply the intended outcome or goal of the intervention, not the methodology or process being used.
- Applied research: Applied research aims to find practical solutions for broader societal problems or test theories in real-world settings, usually conducted on a larger scale rather than an individual classroom context.

Therefore, the process undertaken by the teacher is best categorized as Action research.