Among [I3]+, [SiO4]4−, SO2Cl2, XeF2, SF4, ClF3, Ni(CO)4, XeO2F2, [PtCl4]2−, XeF4, and SOCl2, the total number of species having sp3-hybridised central atom is:
Correct Answer :
Solution :
To determine the total number of species having an sp3-hybridised central atom, we can calculate the steric number (SN) for the central atom of each given chemical species.
The formula for steric number is given by:
where:
• V = number of valence electrons of the central atom
• M = number of monovalent atoms attached to the central atom
• C = charge on the cation
• A = charge on the anion
The relationship between Steric Number and Hybridisation is:
• SN = 4 ⇒ sp3 hybridisation
• SN = 5 ⇒ sp3d hybridisation
• SN = 6 ⇒ sp3d2 hybridisation
• SN = 4 (for transition metal complexes with strong field ligands/dsp2) ⇒ dsp2 hybridisation
Let us determine the hybridisation for each species step-by-step:
1. [I3]+:
Central atom: Iodine (V = 7)
Monovalent atoms attached (M) = 2
Cationic charge (C) = 1
Since SN = 4, the hybridisation of the central iodine atom is sp3.
2. [SiO4]4−:
Central atom: Silicon (V = 4)
Monovalent atoms attached (M) = 0 (Oxygen is divalent)
Anionic charge (A) = 4
Since SN = 4, the hybridisation of Silicon is sp3.
3. SO2Cl2:
Central atom: Sulfur (V = 6)
Monovalent atoms attached (Cl, M) = 2
Oxygen is divalent (doesn't count in M)
Since SN = 4, the hybridisation of Sulfur is sp3.
4. XeF2:
Central atom: Xenon (V = 8)
Monovalent atoms attached (F, M) = 2
Since SN = 5, the hybridisation of Xenon is sp3d.
5. SF4:
Central atom: Sulfur (V = 6)
Monovalent atoms attached (F, M) = 4
Since SN = 5, the hybridisation of Sulfur is sp3d.
6. ClF3:
Central atom: Chlorine (V = 7)
Monovalent atoms attached (F, M) = 3
Since SN = 5, the hybridisation of Chlorine is sp3d.
7. Ni(CO)4:
Central atom: Nickel (d8s2 system, oxidation state = 0)
CO is a strong field ligand, so it causes pairing of electrons resulting in d10 configuration.
The 4 pairs of electrons from 4 CO ligands enter one 4s and three 4p orbitals.
Hence, hybridisation of Nickel is sp3.
8. XeO2F2:
Central atom: Xenon (V = 8)
Monovalent atoms attached (F, M) = 2
Since SN = 5, the hybridisation of Xenon is sp3d.
9. [PtCl4]2−:
Central atom: Platinum (5d8 system, Pt2+ ion).
Since 5d transition series complexes always form low-spin square planar complexes regardless of ligand field strength, it forms a square planar complex with dsp2 hybridisation.
10. XeF4:
Central atom: Xenon (V = 8)
Monovalent atoms attached (F, M) = 4
Since SN = 6, the hybridisation of Xenon is sp3d2.
11. SOCl2:
Central atom: Sulfur (V = 6)
Monovalent atoms attached (Cl, M) = 2
Since SN = 4, the hybridisation of Sulfur is sp3.
Summary:
The species having an sp3-hybridised central atom are:
1. [I3]+
2. [SiO4]4−
3. SO2Cl2
4. Ni(CO)4
5. SOCl2
Therefore, the total number of species with sp3-hybridised central atom is 5.
The correct answer is 5.
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