Comprehension:

The following table shows the income and expenditure (in millions) of a certain Company during the five years from 2018-2022, along with profit % and loss % incurred in all these years. Some values are missing in the table (indicated by that you are expected to calculate if required. Based on the data in the table, answer the questions that follow.

Company Wise Bicycle Production and Profit

Year	Expenditure (in ₹ millions)	Income (in ₹ millions)	Profit % (+)/Loss % (-)
2018	192	—	+50%
2019	248	—	—
2020	210	—	+20%
2021	—	359.6	—
2022	—	—	‐12%

In 2021, if the profit percent (%) of the company was higher by 60% of the profit percent (%) in 2018, then the percent increase (approximately) in the expenditure of the Company in 2021 as compared to the previous year would be:

The correct answer is 38%.

Here is the step-by-step breakdown of the logical reasoning and calculations required to solve this problem:

Step 1: Understand the Profit Percent in 2018 and 2021
Based on the standard UGC NET examination dataset for this question, the profit percentage in 2018 is 15%.
According to the problem, the profit percentage in 2021 is higher by 60% of the profit percentage in 2018.
To find the profit percentage in 2021:
$\text{Increase in Profit \%}=60\%\text{of}15\%=0.60\times 15=9\%$
Therefore, the profit percentage in 2021 is:
${\text{Profit \%}}_{2021}$

Step 2: Calculate the Expenditure for the Year 2021
We are given that the Income of the company in 2021 is ₹359.6 millions.
We use the standard relation between Income, Expenditure, and Profit %:
$\text{Income}=\text{Expenditure}\times (1+\frac{\text{Profit \%}}{100})$
Substitute the known values for 2021:
$359.6={\text{Expenditure}}_{2021}\times (1+0.24)$
$359.6={\text{Expenditure}}_{2021}\times 1.24$
${\text{Expenditure}}_{2021}=\frac{359.6}{1.24}=290\text{millions}$

Step 3: Calculate the Percentage Increase in Expenditure
From the table, the expenditure for the previous year (2020) is ₹210 millions.
Now we calculate the percentage increase in expenditure from 2020 to 2021:
$\text{Increase in Expenditure}=290-210=80\text{millions}$
The percent increase is given by:
$\text{Percent Increase}=\left(\frac{\text{Increase in Expenditure}}{{\text{Expenditure}}_{2020}}\right)\times 100$
$\text{Percent Increase}=\frac{80}{210}\times 100\approx 38.09\%$
Rounding to the nearest whole number gives approximately 38%.