Difficulty in accessing a memory because of the presence of
other information is known as ___________.

The correct option is Interference.

Explanation:
Interference is a fundamental concept in cognitive psychology explaining why we forget or experience difficulties in retrieving stored information. It occurs when the retrieval of a target memory is disrupted, hindered, or blocked by the presence of other competing information.

To better understand this, we can examine the options provided:
1. Interference: This is the general phenomenon where memories compete with and disrupt one another. It occurs because our memory retrieval system can get confused when multiple pieces of similar information are associated with similar cues.
2. Decay: Unlike interference, decay theory suggests that memories fade or erode purely due to the passage of time and lack of use, not because other information is blocking them.
3. Proactive and Retroactive: These are the two specific sub-types of interference. Proactive interference happens when old information blocks the recall of new information, while retroactive interference happens when new information blocks the recall of old information. Since the question asks for the general term describing this difficulty, "Interference" is the correct choice.