Direction for the following 4 (four) items: Read the following four passages and answer the items (21-24) that follow. Your answer to these items should be based on the passages only.

It is certain, that sedition, wars, and contempt or breach of the laws are not so much to be imputed to the wickedness of the subjects, as to the bad state of a dominion. For men are not born fit for citizenship, but must be made so. Besides, men’s natural passions are everywhere the same; and if wickedness more prevails, and more offences are committed in one commonwealth than in another, it is certain that the former has neither enough pursued the end of unity, nor framed its laws with sufficient forethought; and that, therefore, it has failed in making quite good its right as a commonwealth.

Which among the following is the most logical and rational inference that can be made from the passage given above?

Correct Answer: Option 3: That dominion is the best which pursues the aim of unity and has laws for good citizenship.

Step-by-Step Explanation:

Step 1: Analyze the passage's core arguments
1. The passage states that "sedition, wars, and contempt or breach of the laws" are primarily due to the "bad state of a dominion," rather than the inherent wickedness of citizens.
2. It asserts that "men are not born fit for citizenship, but must be made so."
3. It concludes that if wickedness and offenses prevail in a commonwealth, it means the commonwealth has failed to pursue unity effectively and framed laws without sufficient forethought to guide its citizens into becoming good citizens.

Step 2: Evaluate the options based on logical inference

• Option 1: "Seditions, wars and breach of the laws are inevitable in every dominion."
This is incorrect because the passage implies these problems stem from a poorly governed state, not that they are unavoidable or inevitable.

• Option 2: "It is not the people, but the sovereign who is responsible for all the problems of any dominion."
This option uses extreme language ("all the problems") which goes beyond what the passage claims. The passage states these issues are "not so much to be imputed to the wickedness of the subjects", meaning it places primary focus on state responsibility, but it does not make an absolute claim about "all" problems.

• Option 3: "That dominion is the best which pursues the aim of unity and has laws for good citizenship."
This is the most logical and rational inference. The passage links a failing state directly to a lack of pursuing unity and a failure to frame proper laws to make citizens fit for citizenship. Therefore, a state/dominion that successfully pursues unity and creates laws fostering good citizenship fulfills its duty best.

• Option 4: "It is impossible for men to establish a good dominion."
This is incorrect as the passage does not state that establishing a good dominion is impossible; rather, it provides conditions under which a commonwealth fails or succeeds.

Conclusion:
Hence, Option 3 is the most logical inference from the passage.