Directions (79-83): Each of the following questions consists of a paragraph, which may contain one or more grammatical errors. Read the given paragraphs carefully, and then decide how many errors each paragraph contains.
Mindfulness meditation is a practice that involves focus one's attention on the present moment and cultivating a non-judgmental awareness of one's thoughts, feelings, and bodily sensations. Studies shown that regular practice of mindfulness meditation can reduce stress, improve mood, boost immune function, and enhance cognitive performance.
Correct Answer :
Two errors
Solution :
The correct option is Two errors.
Let's analyze the given paragraph step-by-step to identify the grammatical errors:
Error 1:
The phrase "involves focus one's attention" is grammatically incorrect.
In this context, the verb "involves" requires a gerund (the "-ing" form of a verb acting as a noun) as its direct object. Additionally, it needs to be parallel with the subsequent gerund phrase "cultivating a non-judgmental awareness". Therefore, the base verb "focus" must be changed to the gerund "focusing".
Corrected version: "...a practice that involves focusing one's attention on the present moment and cultivating a non-judgmental awareness..."
Error 2:
The clause "Studies shown that" is grammatically incomplete.
The past participle form "shown" cannot act as the main finite verb of a clause on its own. To express a completed action with relevance to the present, it requires the auxiliary verb "have" (present perfect tense), or it should be written in the simple present tense. Thus, it should be changed to "Studies have shown" or "Studies show".
Corrected version: "Studies have shown that regular practice..." or "Studies show that regular practice..."
Since the rest of the paragraph is grammatically correct, the total number of errors is exactly two.
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