During Lassaigne’s test, the elements present in an organic compound are converted from:

Lassaigne’s test is a qualitative Covalent form to ionic form

Lassaigne’s test is a qualitative analysis method used to detect the presence of certain elements (nitrogen, sulfur, and halogens) in an organic compound. The basic idea is to convert these elements, which are originally bonded covalently within the organic matrix, into ionic species that can be identified by simple inorganic tests.

During the test, the organic sample is fused with metallic sodium (or another strong reducing metal). This fusion breaks the covalent bonds that hold the target elements within the carbon‑hydrogen framework and forms corresponding sodium salts:

• Nitrogen is converted to sodium cyanide (NaCN), an ionic compound.
• Sulfur is converted to sodium sulfide (Na₂S), also ionic.
• Halogens (Cl, Br, I) are converted to sodium halides (NaCl, NaBr, NaI), which are ionic.

These ionic products dissolve in water, allowing standard inorganic qualitative tests (e.g., FeSO₄ for cyanide, AgNO₃ for halides) to confirm the presence of the original elements.

Therefore, the conversion that occurs in Lassaigne’s test is from a covalent form (the element as part of an organic molecule) to an ionic form (the corresponding sodium salt). This matches the correct answer.