Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion A and other is labelled as Reason R

Assertion A: Experimental research allows you to eliminate the influence of many extraneous factors.

Reason R: In experimental research variables are actively manipulated and environment is as controlled as possible

In the of the above statements, Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

The correct answer is Option 1: Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

Let us carefully analyze each statement individually before understanding how they relate to each other.

Understanding the Assertion (A):
The Assertion states that "Experimental research allows you to eliminate the influence of many extraneous factors."
This is TRUE. In experimental research, the researcher has a high degree of control over the study environment. Because of this control, factors that are not part of the study — called extraneous variables or confounding variables — can be identified and either eliminated or held constant. This means the results are much less likely to be distorted by outside influences, making the findings more reliable and internally valid.

Understanding the Reason (R):
The Reason states that "In experimental research, variables are actively manipulated and the environment is as controlled as possible."
This is also TRUE. Experimental research is defined by two core features:

1. Active Manipulation of Variables: The researcher deliberately changes the independent variable (the cause) to observe its effect on the dependent variable (the outcome). This is unlike observational or survey research, where variables are only measured, not manipulated.

2. Controlled Environment: The setting of the experiment is carefully managed. Participants may be randomly assigned to groups, conditions are standardized, and every possible effort is made to keep outside variables from interfering with the results.

Does R correctly explain A?
Yes — and this is the key logical connection to understand. The Reason (R) is not just a standalone true fact; it is the direct cause of the Assertion (A) being true. Let us trace the logical chain:

⟹ Because experimental research involves active manipulation of variables and maintains a controlled environment (Reason R),
⟹ researchers are able to isolate the effect of the independent variable,
⟹ which means other unwanted or extraneous factors are systematically ruled out or kept constant,
⟹ and therefore, experimental research can effectively eliminate the influence of many extraneous factors (Assertion A).

In other words, the control and manipulation described in R is the very mechanism through which the benefit described in A is achieved. R is not just a related true fact — it is the correct and complete explanation of why A is true.

Why the other options are incorrect:
- Option 2 is incorrect because R is indeed the correct explanation of A, not just a coincidentally true statement.
- Option 3 is incorrect because R is not false — it accurately describes the defining characteristics of experimental research.
- Option 4 is incorrect because A is also true, not false.

Conclusion:
Both the Assertion and the Reason are individually true, and the Reason directly and correctly explains the Assertion. The control over variables that defines experimental research is precisely what gives it the power to reduce extraneous influences. Hence, Option 1 is the correct answer.