Identify the probability sampling techniques?

A) Simple random sampling
B) Snowball sampling
C) Stratified random sampling
D) Convenience sampling

Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below.

The correct answer is Only A and C.

In research methodology, sampling techniques are broadly classified into two main categories: probability sampling and non-probability sampling.

1. Probability Sampling Techniques:
These techniques involve random selection, ensuring that every member of the population has a known, non-zero chance of being selected. This minimizes bias and allows researchers to make statistical inferences about the whole group. Examples include:
- Simple random sampling (A): Every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected (e.g., drawing names out of a hat).
- Stratified random sampling (C): The population is divided into subgroups (strata) based on shared characteristics, and random samples are drawn from each subgroup.

2. Non-Probability Sampling Techniques:
These techniques do not rely on random selection. Instead, samples are gathered based on convenience, accessibility, or specific characteristics, meaning not everyone has a chance of being selected. Examples include:
- Snowball sampling (B): Existing study subjects recruit future subjects from among their acquaintances (often used for hard-to-reach populations).
- Convenience sampling (D): The sample is taken from a group of people easy to contact or reach (e.g., standing in a mall and asking passersby).

Therefore, among the given options, only A (Simple random sampling) and C (Stratified random sampling) are probability sampling techniques.