If the workload of a manager is more than his capacity, which of the following can he use to offload the work?

The correct option is Delegation of Authority.

Explanation:
Delegation of authority is an organizational process where a manager transfers responsibility and the corresponding authority to perform specific tasks to their subordinates. When a manager's workload exceeds their individual capacity, it is impossible for them to execute every task effectively. By delegating authority, the manager can offload routine or administrative responsibilities to team members, allowing the manager to focus on high-priority strategic decisions and overall supervision.

Here is why the other options are not suitable for offloading workload:
• Span of management: This concept refers to the number of subordinates who report directly to a single manager. While it affects organizational structure, it is a structural dimension rather than an active method to reduce a manager's current workload.
• Direct communication: This is the process of sharing information directly with subordinates. Although it improves clarity and efficiency, it does not reduce the volume of tasks the manager has to complete.
• Close supervision: This refers to micromanaging or tightly monitoring subordinates. This actually consumes more of the manager's time and energy, thereby increasing their workload instead of reducing it.