Study the given table and answer the question that follows.

Category	2019	2020
Raw Material	5000	6000
Power and Fuel	10000	12000
Salary and Wages	8000	12000
Advertising	10000	20000

Find the difference between the least percentage increase and the highest percentage increase in the year 2019–2020.

The correct answer is Option 4: 80%.

We need to calculate the percentage increase for each category from 2019 to 2020, then find the difference between the least and the highest percentage increase.

The formula for percentage increase is:

\frac{\mathrm{New\; Value}-\mathrm{Old\; Value}}{\mathrm{Old\; Value}}\times 100

Step 1: Percentage increase for Raw Material

2019 value = 5000, 2020 value = 6000

\frac{6000-5000}{5000}\times 100=\frac{1000}{5000}\times 100=20\%

Step 2: Percentage increase for Power and Fuel

2019 value = 10000, 2020 value = 12000

\frac{12000-10000}{10000}\times 100=\frac{2000}{10000}\times 100=20\%

Step 3: Percentage increase for Salary and Wages

2019 value = 8000, 2020 value = 12000

\frac{12000-8000}{8000}\times 100=\frac{4000}{8000}\times 100=50\%

Step 4: Percentage increase for Advertising

2019 value = 10000, 2020 value = 20000

\frac{20000-10000}{10000}\times 100=\frac{10000}{10000}\times 100=100\%

Step 5: Summary of percentage increases

Raw Material → 20%
Power and Fuel → 20%
Salary and Wages → 50%
Advertising → 100%

Step 6: Find the difference

Least percentage increase = 20% (Raw Material / Power and Fuel)
Highest percentage increase = 100% (Advertising)

\mathrm{Difference}=100\%-20\%=80\%

Therefore, the difference between the least and highest percentage increase is 80%.