In a recently held parent-teacher meeting, the teachers had very few complaints about Ravi. After all, Ravi was a hardworking and kind student. Incidentally, almost all of Ravi’s friends at school were hardworking and kind too. But the teachers drew attention to Ravi’s complete lack of interest in sports. The teachers believed that, along with some of his friends who showed similar disinterest in sports, Ravi needed to engage in some sports for his overall development.
Based only on the information provided above, which one of the following statements can be logically inferred with certainty?
Correct Answer :
Some of Ravi’s friends are hardworking and kind.
Solution :
The correct option is: Some of Ravi’s friends are hardworking and kind.
Let us analyze the statements given in the passage step-by-step to understand why this option is logically certain:
1. The passage states: "almost all of Ravi’s friends at school were hardworking and kind too."
2. The phrase "almost all" implies a very high proportion, but not necessarily all. Therefore, we cannot logically conclude that "All of Ravi's friends are hardworking and kind." This eliminates the first option.
3. The passage tells us about Ravi's friends, but it gives no information about students who are not friends of Ravi. Thus, we cannot infer anything about non-friends, eliminating the second option.
4. Regarding sports interest, the passage states that "some of his friends... showed similar disinterest in sports." This means a subset of his friends is not interested in sports, but it does not mean "None of Ravi's friends are interested in sports." This eliminates the third option.
5. Since "almost all" of Ravi's friends are hardworking and kind, it guarantees that at least a non-zero portion (i.e., "some") of his friends must possess these qualities. In formal logic, "almost all" logically implies "some" (since "some" means "at least one"). Therefore, the statement "Some of Ravi’s friends are hardworking and kind" is logically certain.
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