In each of the following questions, a sentence has been given with two blanks. For each question, five options are given, each containing two words. You have to choose the most suitable option that fits both the blanks grammatically and contextually.

This has ___________ both local populations and the rest of the world, with rising sea levels and ____________ weather events.

The correct option is affected, extreme.

To find the most suitable pair of words to fill the blanks, let us analyze the context of the sentence:

Sentence: "This has ___________ both local populations and the rest of the world, with rising sea levels and ____________ weather events."

First Blank:
The sentence discusses global phenomena such as "rising sea levels," which impacts people globally and locally. The word needed here should describe the impact or influence on populations.
- "affected" fits contextually as rising sea levels directly impact or affect populations globally and locally.

Second Blank:
The phrase describes "weather events" associated with climate change and rising sea levels. Climate change typically results in severe or intense weather patterns.
- "extreme" accurately modifies "weather events" to mean severe, harsh, or unusual weather conditions (e.g., severe storms, heatwaves, extreme cold).

Evaluating Other Options:
- inspired, arcane: "Arcane" means secret or mysterious, which does not fit weather events.
- captivated, average: "Captivated" implies charm or attraction, which is inappropriate for environmental concerns.
- amazed, abstruse: "Abstruse" means obscure or hard to understand, not suitable for describing weather events.
- depressed, supreme: "Supreme" means highest in rank/authority, which makes no sense before weather events.

Therefore, the word pair "affected, extreme" provides the correct context and grammar for both blanks.