Question Details

In which all have d10 configuration in their ground state?

Options

A

Cu, Zn, Cd, Ag

B

Cd, Au, Hg, Ni

C

Sc, Ti, Fe, Zn

D

Fe, Cr, Co, Ni

Show Answer

Correct Answer :

Option A

Cu, Zn, Cd, Ag

Cu : 3d104s1 Zn : 3d104s2 Cd : 4d105s2 Ag : 4d105s1

Solution :

To determine which set of elements all have a d10 electronic configuration in their ground state, let us analyze the ground-state electronic configurations of the transition metals involved.

Recall the general electronic configuration of transition elements, which is represented as [Noble Gas](n-1)d1-10ns1-2.

Let us write down the ground-state electronic configurations for the elements in the correct option:
1. Copper (Cu, Z = 29):
Copper has an anomalous electronic configuration due to the extra stability associated with a fully filled d-orbital. Instead of the expected [Ar]3d94s2, its actual ground-state configuration is:
[Ar]3d104s1
This confirms a d10 configuration.

2. Zinc (Zn, Z = 30):
Zinc is the last element of the first transition series. Its ground-state configuration is:
[Ar]3d104s2
This also features a d10 configuration.

3. Silver (Ag, Z = 47):
Similar to copper, silver belongs to Group 11 and exhibits an anomalous configuration to achieve a stable fully filled d-subshell. Its ground-state configuration is:
[Kr]4d105s1
This has a d10 configuration.

4. Cadmium (Cd, Z = 48):
Cadmium belongs to Group 12, directly below zinc. Its ground-state configuration is:
[Kr]4d105s2
This also has a d10 configuration.

Since all four elements (Cu, Zn, Cd, and Ag) possess a completely filled d-subshell (d10) in their ground state, this group of elements satisfies the condition.

Therefore, the correct option is Cu, Zn, Cd, Ag.

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