Match List I with List II:
| List I |
List II |
| Concept / Term |
Developed / Coined by |
| A. Chora |
I. Helene Cixous |
| B. Carnivalization |
II. Julia Kristeva |
| C. Contrapuntal Reading |
III. Mikhail Bakhtin |
| D. Ecriture Feminine |
IV. Edward W. Said |
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Correct Answer :
A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I
Solution :
The correct option is A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I.
Let us break down each concept from List I and match it with the theorist who developed or coined it in List II:
1. A. Chora matches with II. Julia Kristeva:
The concept of the semiotic chora was adapted from Plato by the French psychoanalyst and philosopher Julia Kristeva, particularly in her work Revolution in Poetic Language (1974). Kristeva defines the chora as a pre-linguistic, maternal, and rhythmic psychic space of drives and impulses that exists before a child enters the symbolic order of language.
2. B. Carnivalization matches with III. Mikhail Bakhtin:
The literary and cultural concept of carnivalization (often referred to as the carnivalesque) was developed by the Russian critic and philosopher Mikhail Bakhtin. Detailed in works like Problems of Dostoevsky's Poetics and Rabelais and His World, it describes how literary works adopt the spirit of the medieval carnival to subvert authority, mock official dogmas, and invert traditional social hierarchies.
3. C. Contrapuntal Reading matches with IV. Edward W. Said:
Contrapuntal reading is a crucial interpretive methodology developed by the postcolonial theorist Edward Said, notably in his book Culture and Imperialism (1993). Borrowing the musical concept of counterpoint, Said proposes reading Western colonial literature not in isolation, but by simultaneously acknowledging the imperialist contexts, exclusions, and resistance of the colonized peoples that underlie the text.
4. D. Ecriture Feminine matches with I. Helene Cixous:
The term Écriture féminine (which translates to "women's writing") was coined and popularized by the French feminist writer and theorist Hélène Cixous in her landmark 1975 essay "The Laugh of the Medusa." Cixous called for a distinct style of writing that deviates from patriarchal, phallogocentric structures of language, urging women to write through and from their own bodily experiences and subjectivities.
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