Natural selection cannot anticipate future environments on the earth. Therefore, the set of existing organisms can never be fully prepared for environmental catastrophes that await life. An outcome of this is the extinction of those species which cannot overcome environmental adversity. This failure of survive, in modern terms, can be attributed to the genomes which are unable to withstand geological vagaries or biological mishaps infections, diseases and so on). In biological evolution on the earth, extinction of species has been a more feature. The early may presently have up to ten million species, yet more than 90% of species that have ever lived on the earth are now extinct. Once again, the creationist doctrines fail to satisfactorily address why a divine creator will firstly bother to create millions of species and then allow them to perish. The Darwinian explanation for extinct life is once again simple, elegant and at once convincing—organisms go extinct as a function of environmental or biological assaults for which their inheritance deems them ill-equipped. Therefore, the so-called Darwinian theory of evolution is not a theory at all. Evolution happens—this is a fact. The mechanism of evolution (Darwin proposed natural selection) is amply supported, by scientific data. Indeed, to date no single zoological, botanical, geological, palaeontological, genetic or physical evidence has refuted either of the central two main Darwinian ideas. If religion is not taken into consideration, Darwinian laws are acceptable just like the laws proposed by Copernicus, Galileo, Newton and Einstein—sets of natural laws that explain natural phenomena in the universe.
According to the passage, natural selection cannot anticipate future environment on the earth as
1. species not fully prepared to face the environmental changes that await them will face extinction.
2. all the existing species would get extinct as their genomes will not withstand biological mishaps.
3. inability of the genome to withstand environmental changes would result in extinction.
4. extinction of species is a common feature.
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
Correct Answer :
1, 3 and 4
Solution :
To determine why the correct answer is the combination of statements 1, 3, and 4, we examine the passage's arguments regarding natural selection and environmental anticipation step-by-step:
1. Analysis of Statement 1:
The passage states, "Therefore, the set of existing organisms can never be fully prepared for environmental catastrophes that await life. An outcome of this is the extinction of those species which cannot overcome environmental adversity." This directly supports Statement 1, which asserts that species not fully prepared to face environmental changes will face extinction.
2. Analysis of Statement 2:
Statement 2 claims that "all the existing species would get extinct as their genomes will not withstand biological mishaps." The passage mentions that the Earth "may presently have up to ten million species," meaning all existing species are not currently extinct, and it does not claim that all existing species will inevitably perish from biological mishaps, only those whose genomes are unable to withstand them. Therefore, Statement 2 is incorrect because it overgeneralizes and misrepresents the text.
3. Analysis of Statement 3:
The passage attributes the failure to survive "to the genomes which are unable to withstand geological vagaries or biological mishaps." This directly aligns with Statement 3, which points out that the inability of the genome to withstand environmental changes results in extinction.
4. Analysis of Statement 4:
The passage explicitly notes: "In biological evolution on the earth, extinction of species has been a more [common] feature... more than 90% of species that have ever lived on the earth are now extinct." This confirms Statement 4, which states that the extinction of species is a common feature of evolution on Earth.
Consequently, because Statements 1, 3, and 4 are directly supported by the text while Statement 2 is an incorrect overgeneralization, the correct code is 1, 3 and 4.
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