Not every voice on the internet commands the same kind of audience. When anonymous private entities with high capital can pay for more space for their opinions, they are effectively buying a louder voice. If political discourse in the digital sphere is a matter of outshining one’s opponent till the election is won, then the quality of politics suffers. The focus of social media is restricted to the promotion of content that generates more user engagement, regardless of how inflammatory the content may be.

Based on the passage, the above following assumptions have been made :
1. Internet is not inclusive enough.
2. Internet can adversely affect the quality of politics in a country.
Which of the assumptions given above is/are valid?

The correct option is Both 1 and 2.

Let us analyze the validity of each assumption based on the provided passage:
1. Assumption 1: "Internet is not inclusive enough."
The passage states that "Not every voice on the internet commands the same kind of audience" and highlights that "anonymous private entities with high capital can pay for more space for their opinions, they are effectively buying a louder voice." This indicates an unequal distribution of influence where money and power dictate visibility, meaning the digital space does not equally represent or include all voices. Thus, the assumption that the internet is not inclusive enough is a valid assumption drawn from the text.
2. Assumption 2: "Internet can adversely affect the quality of politics in a country."
The passage explicitly states that "If political discourse in the digital sphere is a matter of outshining one’s opponent till the election is won, then the quality of politics suffers." Furthermore, it mentions that social media restricts its focus to content generating user engagement, "regardless of how inflammatory the content may be." Since these digital dynamics directly degrade political discourse, it is valid to assume that the internet can adversely affect the quality of politics in a country.

Therefore, both assumptions 1 and 2 are valid based on the passage.