Other than the Fundamental Rights, which of the following parts of the Constitution of India reflect/reflects the principles and provisions of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948)?

1. Preamble

2. Directive Principles of State Policy

3. Fundamental Duties

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

The correct option is 1, 2 and 3 (which corresponds to Preamble, Directive Principles of State Policy, and Fundamental Duties).

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 1948, is a milestone document that outlines fundamental human rights to be universally protected. The principles and provisions of the UDHR are deeply reflected in various parts of the Constitution of India:
1. The Preamble: The Preamble declares India to be a Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, and Democratic Republic, securing for all its citizens Justice (social, economic, and political), Liberty (of thought, expression, belief, faith, and worship), Equality (of status and of opportunity), and promoting Fraternity, assuring the dignity of the individual. These ideals closely align with the preamble and Article 1 of the UDHR, which states that all human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights.
2. Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) (Part IV): Articles 36 to 51 of the Indian Constitution contain provisions aimed at establishing a social and economic democracy. These mirror the economic, social, and cultural rights outlined in the UDHR (Articles 22 to 27), such as the right to work, right to education, right to equal pay for equal work, and right to an adequate standard of living.
3. Fundamental Duties (Part IV-A): Article 51-A details the duties of Indian citizens, emphasizing responsibilities towards the nation, society, and fellow individuals. This aligns with Article 29(1) of the UDHR, which states that "Everyone has duties to the community in which alone the free and full development of his personality is possible."

Therefore, all three components—the Preamble, the Directive Principles of State Policy, and the Fundamental Duties—reflect the principles and provisions of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.