Question Details

Analyze the following text attentively to answer the questions that follow. Specific sections have been emphasized for your reference.


For families, discovering that their newborn suffers from congenital renal dysplasia is deeply distressing. The situation is exacerbated when local healthcare infrastructure lacks pediatric nephrology services, leaving children without prompt care. Congenital Renal Dysplasia (CRD), which the Global Health Institute (GHI), Geneva, Switzerland, designates as a highly prevalent developmental anomaly, accounts for 28% of all congenital organic conditions and is the cause of 6%-10% of all infant mortality in Nigeria. Specialists assert that early clinical therapy could rescue 75% of these patients, enabling them to lead healthy lives. Without a structured national strategy to address pediatric kidney disorders, a vast number of children are excluded from receiving medical care. Calculations indicate that more than 1,00,000 young patients are continually appended to the current backlog of individuals waiting for specialized renal operations.

Data from the Pediatric Nephrology Association of Nigeria (PNAN) shows that congenital kidney abnormalities occur in one in every 100 live births, meaning approximately 2,00,000 newborns are diagnosed with CRD annually. Of these, a mere 16,000 undergo any form of therapy. Around 30% of babies with severe anomalies need surgical procedures to live past their first year, but only 2,500 such interventions are completed annually. For instance, at the leading National Hospital Abuja (NHA), infants are placed on waiting lists extending until 2026 for corrective urological operations. A former ministry official remarks that pediatric healthcare remains severely underfunded and neglected because establishing specialized child nephrology facilities is deemed financially impractical—it demands heavy capital and facilities development that authorities consistently avoid. Merely 22 clinical institutions and under 50 specialized units exist across Nigeria to provide infant and neonatal renal therapies. Furthermore, these facilities are poorly distributed. A 2018 renal unit study by NHA revealed that the Southern Province possessed 70% of these specialized units, even though most of them are situated in areas where the actual incidence of CRD is lowest.

Based on the details provided in the passage, which of the following statements is/are incorrect?
(i) The backlog of patients waiting for their operations is growing longer as more individuals are added to it.
(ii) Nigeria has sixty-seven units only dedicated to infant and neonatal renal services.
(iii) Most units and hospitals that have infant and neonatal renal services are in the Southern Province.

Options

A

Only (ii)

B

None of these

C

All of these

D

Both (ii) and (iii)

E

Both (i) and (iii)

Show Answer

Correct Answer :

Option A

Only (ii)

Solution :

The correct option is Only (ii).

Let's evaluate each statement carefully based on the details provided in the passage:
Statement (i): "The backlog of patients waiting for their operations is growing longer as more individuals are added to it."
The passage mentions that "Calculations indicate that more than 1,00,000 young patients are continually appended to the current backlog of individuals waiting for specialized renal operations." This confirms that the backlog is indeed growing longer as new patients are continually added. Therefore, Statement (i) is correct.

Statement (ii): "Nigeria has sixty-seven units only dedicated to infant and neonatal renal services."
The passage explicitly states that "Merely 22 clinical institutions and under 50 specialized units exist across Nigeria to provide infant and neonatal renal therapies." Since the number of specialized units is under 50 (and not 67), Statement (ii) is incorrect.

Statement (iii): "Most units and hospitals that have infant and neonatal renal services are in the Southern Province."
The passage states that "the Southern Province possessed 70% of these specialized units". Since 70% represents the vast majority, Statement (iii) is correct.

Therefore, only statement (ii) is incorrect, making Only (ii) the correct choice.

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