Select the most appropriate option that can substitute the highlighted segment in the given sentence. If there is no need to substitute it, select ‘No replacement required’ .

He narrowly escaped to be arrested by the border guards while crossing the checkpoint.

The correct option to substitute the highlighted segment is "being arrested by the border guards".

Step-by-step Grammar Explanation:

1. Verb Patterns (Gerund vs. Infinitive): In English, certain verbs are followed by a gerund (verb + -ing) rather than an infinitive (to + verb). The verb "escape" is one of these verbs. For example, we say "escape doing something," not "escape to do something."

2. Active vs. Passive Voice: The sentence describes a situation where the subject ("He") is the receiver of the action (the border guards are the ones performing the arrest). Therefore, we need the passive voice form of the gerund.
* Active gerund: arresting
* Passive gerund: being + past participle (arrested)

3. Applying the Rule: Combining the verb pattern of "escaped" (which requires a gerund) with the passive voice yields "escaped being arrested".

4. Evaluating the Options:
* "being arrested by the border guards": Correct. Uses the passive gerund form required by the verb "escape".
* "to being arrested by the border guards": Incorrect. Uses a preposition "to" before the gerund, which is grammatically wrong here.
* "to have been arrested by the border guards": Incorrect. Uses an infinitive structure instead of a gerund.
* "having arrested by the border guards": Incorrect. This is active voice ("having arrested") and lacks the passive helper "been" (which would be "having been arrested").

Therefore, the corrected sentence is: "He narrowly escaped being arrested by the border guards while crossing the checkpoint."