Select the most appropriate option to substitute the underlined segment in the given sentence. If there is no need to substitute it, select ‘No substitution required’.

I wish I were listening to my parents.

The correct option to substitute the underlined segment is had listened.

Step-by-step grammatical explanation:
1. The Subjunctive mood with 'wish': The verb "wish" is used to express a regret or a desire for a situation to be different from reality. The tense used after "wish" depends on when the situation takes place:
- For a regret about the present, we use the past subjunctive (e.g., "I wish I were..." or "I wish I knew...").
- For a regret about the past, we use the past perfect tense (had + past participle) to show that we wish a past event had happened differently.

2. Analyzing the context:
Regretting not paying attention to one's parents typically refers to past advice or actions that the speaker did not follow. Therefore, to express this past regret, we need the past perfect tense.

3. Evaluating the choices:
- am listening: Incorrect. We do not use the present continuous tense directly after "wish" to express hypothetical situations.
- have listened: Incorrect. The present perfect tense is grammatically incorrect in this subjunctive construction.
- had listened: Correct. It uses the past perfect tense, which properly conveys a regret about a past action (that the speaker did not listen to their parents in the past).
- No substitution required: Incorrect because "were listening" (past continuous) is less appropriate than the past perfect "had listened" to convey the typical meaning of past regret.