Select the option that can be used as a one-word substitute for the given group of words.
The study of earthquakes

The correct option is Seismology.

Let us break down the meanings of the given options to find the correct one-word substitute:
1. Seismology: This is the scientific study of earthquakes and the propagation of elastic waves through the Earth or other planet-like bodies. The word originates from the Greek words seismos meaning "earthquake" and logia meaning "study of".
2. Geology: This is the science that deals with the Earth's physical structure and substance, its history, and the processes that act on it.
3. Geography: This is the study of the physical features of the Earth and its atmosphere, and of human activity as it affects and is affected by these.
4. Topography: This is the study of the forms and features of land surfaces.

Therefore, the study of earthquakes is specifically referred to as Seismology.