The correct order of ONO bond angle in the given species is
Correct Answer :
NO2− < NO3− < NO2 < NO2+
Solution :
The correct answer is NO2- < NO3- < NO2 < NO2+.
To determine the correct order of the O-N-O bond angle in the given species, we analyze the hybridization, lone pairs, and odd electron repulsion around the central nitrogen atom for each species:
1. NO2+ (Nitronium ion):
The central nitrogen atom has 5 valence electrons. Subtracting 1 electron for the positive charge gives 4 valence electrons. It forms two double bonds with two oxygen atoms and has zero lone pairs.
Steric number = 2 (hybridization is sp).
The geometry is linear, giving an O-N-O bond angle of exactly .
2. NO2 (Nitrogen dioxide):
The central nitrogen atom has 5 valence electrons. It forms double/single bonds with two oxygen atoms and has 1 unpaired (odd) electron remaining.
The molecule has sp2 hybridization. The single odd electron occupies an orbital on nitrogen and exerts less repulsion than a full lone pair. Thus, the bond angle is slightly reduced from to approximately .
3. NO3- (Nitrate ion):
The central nitrogen atom is surrounded by 3 bonding regions with a negative charge distributed via resonance.
Steric number = 3 (hybridization is sp2) with 0 lone pairs.
The geometry is perfect trigonal planar, so the O-N-O bond angle is exactly .
4. NO2- (Nitrite ion):
The central nitrogen atom has 5 valence electrons + 1 extra electron from the negative charge = 6 electrons. It forms bonds with two oxygen atoms and retains 1 full lone pair.
Steric number = 3 (hybridization is sp2).
The strong repulsion from the full lone pair compresses the O-N-O bond angle to approximately .
Comparing the O-N-O bond angles:
NO2- () < NO3- () < NO2 () < NO2+ ().
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