The dissidents …..a great problem in every political party.

The correct answer is cause.

Explanation:

In English collocations, certain nouns pair naturally with specific verbs. When referring to "problems," "trouble," or "difficulty," the verb cause is commonly used to indicate bringing about or creating a situation (e.g., "to cause a problem").

Let's examine the options:

1. give: While one can "give somebody a problem," it is not used in the structure "give a problem in..." in this context.
2. cause: Correct. "Cause a problem" is a standard and natural English collocation meaning to create or bring about trouble.
3. pose: "Pose" is often used with "a threat" or "a risk." While "pose a problem" is possible in formal contexts, "cause" is the provided standard correct answer for this sentence context.
4. hold: "Hold" does not standardly collocate with "a problem" in this sense.

Thus, the complete sentence is: "The dissidents cause a great problem in every political party."