Question Details

The findings of Oxfam India’s latest India Discrimination Report 2022 indicate that there is a significant gap in the earnings between men and women in the case of regular and self-employment in urban areas. The lower wages for salaried women are due to 67 percent of discrimination and 33 percent due to lack of education and work experience. The average earning is |16,000 for men and merely |6,600 for women in urban areas in self-employment. The average earning of men is |19,800 as against |15,600 for women in regular/salaried employment in urban areas. Also, in urban areas the average earnings of men (|9,000) are significantly higher than women (|5,700) even in casual employment.

Apart from women, historically oppressed communities along with religious minorities also continue to face discrimination in accessing jobs, livelihoods, and agricultural credit. The mean income for Scheduled Castes or Scheduled Tribes (“SC/ST”) persons in urban areas who are in regular employment is |15,300 as against |20,300 for persons belonging to the non-SC/ST category. The average earning of self-employed workers is |15,900 for non-SC/STs and |10,500 for SC/STs. The average monthly earning for the SC/ST workers in casual work is |8,000 below the corresponding figure of |8,600 for the non-SC/ST.

[Data Source: Oxfam India]
[Note: Values have been approximated to the nearest hundred]


In 2019–20, males aged 15+ are 76% of total males; females aged 15+ are 72% of total females. The total male population is 1.05 times the total female population. Given that 60% of males aged 15+ and 19% of females aged 15+ have regular salaried/self-employed jobs (from the passage), what is the ratio of females to males aged 15+ who have such jobs?

Options

A

2 : 7

B

3 : 10

C

5 : 9

D

1 : 3

Show Answer

Correct Answer :

Option A

2 : 7

Solution :

The correct answer is 2 : 7.


Step-by-Step Explanation:


Step 1: Define the baseline population variables

Let the total female population be represented by F.

According to the given information, the total male population (M) is 1.05 times the total female population:

M=1.05×F


Step 2: Calculate the population aged 15+ for males and females

Males aged 15+ constitute 76% of the total male population:

Males15+=0.76×M=0.76×1.05×F=0.798×F

Females aged 15+ constitute 72% of the total female population:

Females15+=0.72×F


Step 3: Calculate the number of males and females aged 15+ who have regular salaried/self-employed jobs

60% of males aged 15+ have such jobs:

Employed Males15+=60%×(0.798×F)=0.60×0.798×F=0.4788×F

19% of females aged 15+ have such jobs:

Employed Females15+=19%×(0.72×F)=0.19×0.72×F=0.1368×F


Step 4: Find the required ratio of females to males

We are asked to calculate the ratio of females aged 15+ with such jobs to males aged 15+ with such jobs:

Ratio=0.1368×F0.4788×F=0.13680.4788=13684788

Simplifying the fraction by dividing both numerator and denominator by 684:

1368÷6844788÷684=27


Thus, the ratio of females to males aged 15+ who have regular salaried/self-employed jobs is 2 : 7.

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