What does the author mean by ‘poverty of a life’?

The correct option is: All deprivations in a human life which stem not only from lack of income but lack of real opportunities?

Step-by-step Explanation:

1. Understanding 'Poverty of a Life':
The concept of "poverty of a life" goes beyond the traditional, narrow definition of economic poverty, which is typically measured solely by income levels or material possession. Instead, it looks at the broader quality of human existence and the overall well-being of an individual.

2. Income vs. Opportunities:
While a lack of income is a major factor in poverty, "poverty of a life" focuses on the deprivation of basic capabilities and choices. This includes the lack of real opportunities to lead a fulfilling life, such as access to quality education, healthcare, political freedom, social respect, and personal security. Therefore, it encompasses all forms of deprivations that prevent a person from realizing their full potential.

3. Why the other options are incorrect:
- Impoverished state of poor people in rural and urban areas: This refers to geographical and demographic descriptions of income poverty rather than the conceptual meaning of "poverty of a life".
- Missed opportunities in diverse personal circumstances: This is too vague and does not explicitly address the systematic deprivations and lack of fundamental capabilities.
- Material as well as non-material deprivations in a human life which restrict human choices permanently: While close, the term "permanently" is incorrect because opportunities and choices can be restored or improved through developmental policies, education, and social reforms.