Which of the following are true in the context of “phenomenology”
[A] It is “a form of methodological idealism” which seeks to explore ‘human consciousness’.
[B] As a philosophical method, it was developed by Edmund Husserl.
[C] Martin Heidegger is one of its leading philosophers.
[D] Martin Heidegger’s approach is ‘essentialist’.
[E] Text is considered purely as an embodiment of the authors conciousness.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

The correct answer is A, B, C and E only.

Here is a step-by-step breakdown of why these statements are correct in the context of phenomenology:

1. Statement [A] is correct: Phenomenology is indeed described as a form of methodological idealism. By using the method of "epoché" (bracketing or suspending belief in the existence of the external world), it focuses entirely on investigating and exploring the structures of human consciousness and how things appear to it.

2. Statement [B] is correct: Edmund Husserl is universally recognized as the principal founder and developer of phenomenology as a distinct philosophical method in the early 20th century.

3. Statement [C] is correct: Martin Heidegger, who was a student of Husserl, adapted and transformed phenomenology into existential and hermeneutic forms, making him one of its most prominent and leading philosophers.

4. Statement [D] is incorrect: Martin Heidegger’s approach is existential and ontological rather than "essentialist." Heidegger rejected traditional essentialism (which prioritizes abstract essences over concrete existence), famously emphasizing that for human beings (Dasein), existence precedes essence.

5. Statement [E] is correct: In phenomenological literary criticism (associated with school of thoughts like the Geneva School), a text is interpreted and analyzed primarily as an expression or embodiment of the author's consciousness and subjective experience.

By evaluating the statements, we find that [A], [B], [C], and [E] are true, while [D] is false. Therefore, the option A, B, C and E only is the correct choice.