Which of the following parts of the Indian Constitution is commonly referred to as the ‘Magna Carta of India’?

The correct option is Part III.

Step-by-Step Explanation:

1. Historical Context of Magna Carta:
The term Magna Carta (Latin for "Great Charter") refers to a landmark royal charter of rights issued by King John of England in 1215. It was the first written document that guaranteed fundamental liberties, civil freedom, and established the principle that everyone, including the monarch, is subject to the law.

2. Part III of the Indian Constitution:
Part III of the Constitution of India (Articles 12 to 35) deals with Fundamental Rights guaranteed to the citizens of India. These rights include:

- Right to Equality (Articles 14–18)
- Right to Freedom (Articles 19–22)
- Right against Exploitation (Articles 23–24)
- Right to Freedom of Religion (Articles 25–28)
- Cultural and Educational Rights (Articles 29–30)
- Right to Constitutional Remedies (Article 32)

3. Why Part III is called the 'Magna Carta of India':
Just as the Magna Carta of 1215 guaranteed basic rights and limited arbitrary state powers in England, Part III of the Indian Constitution contains a long and comprehensive list of basic fundamental human rights aimed at establishing a government of laws and not of men. Because it provides political liberty and protects individuals against state action, Part III is widely described as the 'Magna Carta of India'.