Which of the following sentences will be the second sentence after rearrangement?
Five coherent sentences are given which are not necessarily in the correct order. Rearrange these sentences in a meaningful order to answer the questions.
(A)It strikes many people as unfair that some people are able to enjoy healthy, wealthy, happy lives whilst others continue to live in ill-health, and poverty.
(B) Some places have seen dramatic improvements, while others have not.
(C) For them it is the inequality in the outcomes of people’s lives that matters.
(D) Today’s global inequality is the consequence of two centuries of unequal progress.
(E) For others it is the inequality in opportunity – the opportunity to achieve good outcomes – that is unfair, and not the outcomes themselves.

The correct option is B.

To find the correct position of each sentence, let us analyze the logical connections and overall flow of ideas among the given options:
1. Sentence (D) introduces the overarching theme of global inequality: "Today’s global inequality is the consequence of two centuries of unequal progress." This serves as the ideal starting point/opening sentence.
2. Sentence (B) expands upon the idea of "unequal progress" mentioned in sentence (D) by explaining how it manifests geographically: "Some places have seen dramatic improvements, while others have not." Hence, sentence (B) logically comes immediately after sentence (D).
3. Sentence (A) shifts the focus from places to people's living conditions: "It strikes many people as unfair that some people are able to enjoy healthy, wealthy, happy lives whilst others continue to live in ill-health, and poverty."
4. Sentence (C) builds directly on the phrase "many people" from sentence (A): "For them it is the inequality in the outcomes of people’s lives that matters."
5. Sentence (E) presents a contrasting view to sentence (C): "For others it is the inequality in opportunity – the opportunity to achieve good outcomes – that is unfair, and not the outcomes themselves."

Combining these steps, the complete coherent paragraph follows the order: D - B - A - C - E.

Therefore, the second sentence in the rearranged sequence is (B).