Which of the statements given below are true?
A. The centre for contemporary Cultural Studies was
established in Berkley in 1960.
B. Jurgen Habermas traces the rise of the public sphere to
the rise of print culture.
C. Paul Gilroy introduced the concept of the Black Atlantic.
D. Adomo praises the alien nature of avant-garde modernist
art such as the atonal music of Schoenberg.
E. Chutnification was a term used by Edward Soja.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Correct Answer :
B, C and D only
Solution :
The correct answer is B, C and D only.
Let us analyze each statement to understand why this option is correct:
Statement A: This statement is false. The Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies (CCCS) was established at the University of Birmingham, UK (not Berkeley) in 1964 (not 1960) by Richard Hoggart.
Statement B: This statement is true. In his seminal work, The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere, German philosopher Jürgen Habermas traces the rise of the bourgeois public sphere in the 18th century directly to the growth of capitalism and the rise of print culture, which allowed citizens to gather and engage in critical-rational debate.
Statement C: This statement is true. The British sociologist Paul Gilroy introduced the concept of the "Black Atlantic" in his 1993 book, The Black Atlantic: Modernity and Double Consciousness, to conceptualize a culture that is transnational and intercultural, highlighting the history of the African diaspora.
Statement D: This statement is true. Critical theorist Theodor Adorno praised avant-garde modernist art, particularly the atonal, twelve-tone music of Arnold Schoenberg. Adorno argued that its difficult, dissonant, and "alien" nature resisted the easy consumption and standardization of the capitalist "culture industry."
Statement E: This statement is false. The term "chutnification" was coined and popularized by novelist Salman Rushdie in his book Midnight's Children, to describe the blending of Indian and Western cultural elements. It was not used by the geographer and spatial theorist Edward Soja.
Based on this analysis, only statements B, C, and D are correct, which matches the option B, C and D only.
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