Which one of the following is similar in meaning to the word ‘exhorting’ as used in the passage?

The correct option is Urging.

Step-by-step explanation:

1. Understanding the Word: The word exhorting comes from the verb exhort, which means to strongly encourage, advise, or urge someone to do something.

2. Analyzing the Options:

• Urging: To try earnestly or persistently to persuade someone to do something. This directly matches the meaning of "exhorting".
• Supporting: Giving assistance or encouragement to someone. While positive, it does not convey the strong call to action implied by exhorting.
• Demanding: Insisting on something forcefully. Exhorting is persuasive and encouraging rather than an authoritative requirement.
• Clarifying: Making something clearer or easier to understand, which is unrelated in meaning.

3. Conclusion: Therefore, Urging is the word most similar in meaning to exhorting.