Who among the following was the author of The Voyage of the Beagle?

The correct option is Charles Darwin.

The Voyage of the Beagle is the common title given to the book written by Charles Darwin and published in 1839. Its original title was Journal and Remarks, and it was written as a journal of his travels during the second survey expedition of the ship HMS Beagle.
The expedition, which lasted from 1831 to 1836 under the command of Captain Robert FitzRoy, took Darwin to various parts of South America, the Galapagos Islands, and other regions. The observations Darwin recorded in this journal regarding geology, biology, and natural history laid the groundwork for his groundbreaking theory of evolution by natural selection.

Here is a brief overview of the other figures mentioned in the options to understand why they are incorrect:
• Matthew Arnold was a prominent Victorian poet, cultural critic, and essayist, famous for works like Dover Beach.
• John Henry Newman was a famous theologian, priest, and cardinal of the Catholic Church, known for his writings on education and theology.
• John Stuart Mill was an influential English philosopher, political economist, and civil servant, renowned for his works on utilitarianism and liberty.