Barbara Smith, in her essay, “Toward a Black Feminist Criticism”, raises concerns for:
A. Only Black women
B. Black lesbian women
C. Black women in the White world only
D. Black lesbian women among black women vis-a-vis the White women.
E. Black and White women, but together they have universal concerns.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

The correct answer is A and C only.

Detailed Explanation:
Barbara Smith's landmark essay, “Toward a Black Feminist Criticism” (1977), is a foundational text in Black feminist literary theory. In this essay, Smith addresses the double marginalization of Black women writers who were historically ignored by both the white-dominated feminist movement and the male-dominated Black arts movement.
Here is a breakdown of why statements A and C represent the primary concerns raised in the essay:

1. Focus on Black Women (Statement A):
Smith argues for the necessity of a distinct and independent critical framework specifically for Black women's literature. She asserts that Black women writers have a unique literary tradition that cannot be adequately understood or analyzed through the lens of white feminist criticism or Black male criticism. Thus, she focuses specifically on the experiences and creative expressions of Black women.

2. Intersectional Struggle in a White-Dominated Society (Statement C):
The essay highlights the alienation, erasure, and political struggles of Black women living and writing within a white-dominated world. Smith explains how the intersections of racism and sexism shape their social reality and literary themes, emphasizing the precarious position of Black women in the White world.

Therefore, statements A and C align directly with the main arguments of her essay, making A and C only the correct option.